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Wyoming
State
Flag Seal
Nicknames:  Equality State (official); Cowboy State; Big Wyoming
Motto:  Equal Rights
Anthem: “Wyoming”
Map of the United States with Wyoming highlighted
Country	United States
Before statehood	Wyoming Territory
Admitted to the Union	July 10, 1890 (44th)
Capital (and largest city)	Cheyenne
Largest county or equivalent	Laramie
Largest metro and urban areas	Cheyenne
Government
• Governor	Mark Gordon (R)
• Secretary of State	Chuck Gray (R)
Legislature	Wyoming Legislature
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	House of Representatives
Judiciary	Wyoming Supreme Court
U.S. senators	John Barrasso (R) Cynthia Lummis (R)
U.S. House delegation	Harriet Hageman (R) (list)
Area
• Total	97,813 sq mi (253,335 km)
• Rank	10th
Dimensions
• Length	371.8 mi (599 km)
• Width	279 mi (451 km)
Elevation	6,700 ft (2,040 m)
Highest elevation (Gannett Peak)	13,809 ft (4,209.1 m)
Lowest elevation (Belle Fourche River at South Dakota border)	3,101 ft (945 m)
Population  (2020)
• Total	576,851
• Rank	50th
• Density	5.97/sq mi (2.31/km)
• Rank	49th
• Median household income	$62,268
• Income rank	19th
Demonyms	Wyomingite, Wyomingian
Language
• Official language	English
Time zone	UTC−07:00 (Mountain)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−06:00 (MDT)
USPS abbreviation	WY
ISO 3166 code	US-WY
Traditional abbreviation	Wyo.
Latitude	41°N to 45°N
Longitude	104°3’W to 111°3’W
Website	wyo.gov
Symbols of Wyoming
Bird	Western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)
Fish	Cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki)
Flower	Wyoming Indian paintbrush (Castilleja linariifolia)
Grass	Western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii)
Mammal	American bison (Bison bison)
Reptile	Horned lizard (Phrynosoma douglassi brevirostre)
Tree	Plains cottonwood (Populus sargentii)
Dinosaur	Triceratops
Fossil	Knightia
Mineral	Nephrite

Wyoming ( wye-OH-ming) is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It borders Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho to the west, Utah to the southwest, and Colorado to the south. With a population of 576,851 in 2020, Wyoming is the least populous state despite being the 10th largest by area, with the second-lowest population density after Alaska. The state capital and most populous city is Cheyenne, which had a population of 65,132 in 2020.

Wyoming’s western half consists mostly of the ranges and rangelands of the Rocky Mountains; its eastern half consists of high-elevation prairie, and is referred to as the High Plains. Wyoming’s climate is semi-arid in some parts and continental in others, making it drier and windier overall than other states, with greater temperature extremes. The federal government owns just under half of Wyoming’s land, generally protecting it for public use. The state ranks sixth in the amount of land—and fifth in the proportion of its land—that is owned by the federal government. Its federal lands include two national parks (Grand Teton and Yellowstone), two national recreation areas, two national monuments, and several national forests, as well as historic sites, fish hatcheries, and wildlife refuges.

Indigenous peoples inhabited the region for thousands of years. Historic and currently federally recognized tribes include the Arapaho, Crow, Lakota, and Shoshone. Part of the land that is now Wyoming came under American sovereignty via the Louisiana Purchase, part via the Oregon Treaty, and, lastly, via the Mexican Cession. With the opening of the Oregon Trail, the Mormon Trail, and the California Trail, vast numbers of pioneers traveled through parts of the state that had once been traversed mainly by fur trappers, and this spurred the establishment of forts, such as Fort Laramie, that today serve as population centers. The Transcontinental Railroad supplanted the wagon trails in 1867 with a route through southern Wyoming, bringing new settlers and the establishment of founding towns, including the state capital of Cheyenne. On March 27, 1890, Wyoming became the union’s 44th state.

Wyoming is known for having a political culture that leans towards libertarian conservatism. The Republican presidential nominee has carried the state in every election since 1968. It is one of the least religious states in the country. Wyoming was the first state to allow women the right to vote (not counting New Jersey, which had allowed it until 1807), and the right to assume elected office, as well as the first state to elect a female governor. In honor of this part of its history, its most common nickname is “The Equality State” and its official state motto is “Equal Rights”.

Farming and ranching, and the attendant range wars, feature prominently in the state’s history. Wyoming’s economy is largely based on tourism and the extraction of minerals such as coal, natural gas, oil, and trona. Its agricultural commodities include barley, hay, livestock, sugar beets, wheat, and wool. Wyoming does not require the beneficial owners of LLCs to be disclosed in the filing, which creates an opportunity for a tax haven. Wyoming levies no individual or corporate income tax and no tax on retirement income.