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New Hampshire
State
Flag Seal
Nickname(s):  Granite State White Mountain State
Motto:  “Live Free or Die”
Anthem: “Old New Hampshire”
Map of the United States with New Hampshire highlighted
Country	United States
Before statehood	Province of New Hampshire
Admitted to the Union	June 21, 1788 (9th)
Capital	Concord
Largest city	Manchester
Largest county or equivalent	Hillsborough
Largest metro and urban areas	Greater Boston (combined and metro) Nashua (urban)
Government
• Governor	Chris Sununu (R)
• Senate President	Jeb Bradley (R)
Legislature	General Court
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	House of Representatives
Judiciary	New Hampshire Supreme Court
U.S. senators	Jeanne Shaheen (D) Maggie Hassan (D)
U.S. House delegation	1: Chris Pappas (D) 2: Ann McLane Kuster (D) (list)
Area
• Total	9,350 sq mi (24,216 km)
• Land	8,954 sq mi (23,190 km)
• Water	396 sq mi (1,026 km)  4.2%
• Rank	46th
Dimensions
• Length	190 mi (305 km)
• Width	68 mi (110 km)
Elevation	1,000 ft (300 m)
Highest elevation (Mount Washington)	6,288 ft (1,916.66 m)
Lowest elevation (Atlantic Ocean)	0 ft (0 m)
Population  (2023)
• Total	1,402,054
• Rank	42nd
• Density	150/sq mi (58/km)
• Rank	21st
• Median household income	$89,992
• Income rank	7th
Demonym(s)	Granite Stater New Hampshirite
Language
• Official language	English (French allowed for official business with Quebec; other languages allowed for certain specific uses)
Time zone	UTC−05:00 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−04:00 (EDT)
USPS abbreviation	NH
ISO 3166 code	US-NH
Traditional abbreviation	N.H.
Latitude	42° 42′ N to 45° 18′ N
Longitude	70° 36′ W to 72° 33′ W
Website	nh.gov

State symbols of New Hampshire

List of state symbols
Flag of New Hampshire
Seal of New Hampshire
Emblem of New Hampshire
Living insignia
Amphibian	Red-spotted newt Notophthalmus viridescens
Bird	Purple finch Haemorhous purpureus
Butterfly	Karner Blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis
Dog breed	Chinook
Fish	Freshwater: Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis Saltwater: Striped bass Morone saxatilis
Flower	Purple lilac Syringa vulgaris
Insect	Ladybug Coccinellidae
Mammal	White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus
Tree	White birch Betula papyrifera
Inanimate insignia
Food	Fruit: Pumpkin Vegetable: White Potato Berry: Blackberry
Gemstone	Smoky quartz
Mineral	Beryl
Rock	Granite
Sport	Skiing
Tartan	New Hampshire state tartan
State route marker
State quarter
Released in 2000
Lists of United States state symbols

New Hampshire ( HAMP-shər) is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. Of the 50 U.S. states, New Hampshire is the eighth-smallest by land area and the tenth-least populous, with a population of 1,377,529 residents as of the 2020 census. Concord is the state capital and Manchester is the most populous city. New Hampshire’s motto, “Live Free or Die”, reflects its role in the American Revolutionary War; its nickname, “The Granite State”, refers to its extensive granite formations and quarries. It is well known nationwide for holding the first primary (after the Iowa caucus) in the U.S. presidential election cycle, and for its resulting influence on American electoral politics.

New Hampshire was inhabited for thousands of years by Algonquian-speaking peoples such as the Abenaki. Europeans arrived in the early 17th century, with the English establishing some of the earliest non-indigenous settlements. The Province of New Hampshire was established in 1629, named after the English county of Hampshire. Following mounting tensions between the British colonies and the crown during the 1760s, New Hampshire saw one of the earliest overt acts of rebellion, with the seizing of Fort William and Mary from the British in 1774. In January 1776, it became the first of the British North American colonies to establish an independent government and state constitution; six months later, it signed the United States Declaration of Independence and contributed troops, ships, and supplies in the war against Britain. In June 1788, it was the ninth state to ratify the U.S. Constitution, bringing that document into effect. Through the mid-19th century, New Hampshire was an active center of abolitionism, and fielded close to 32,000 Union soldiers during the U.S. Civil War. After the war, the state saw rapid industrialization and population growth, becoming a center of textile manufacturing, shoemaking, and papermaking; the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company in Manchester was at one time the largest cotton textile plant in the world. The Merrimack and Connecticut rivers were lined with industrial mills, most of which employed workers from Canada and Europe; French Canadians formed the most significant influx of immigrants, and today roughly a quarter of all New Hampshire residents have French American ancestry, second only to Maine.

Reflecting a nationwide trend, New Hampshire’s industrial sector declined after World War II. Since 1950, its economy diversified to include financial and professional services, real estate, education, transportation and high-tech, with manufacturing still higher than the national average. Beginning in the 1950s, its population surged as major highways connected it to Greater Boston and led to more commuter towns. New Hampshire is among the wealthiest and most-educated states. It is one of nine states without an income tax and has no taxes on sales, capital gains, or inheritance while relying heavily on local property taxes to fund education; consequently, its state tax burden is among the lowest in the country. It ranks among the top ten states in metrics such as governance, healthcare, socioeconomic opportunity, and fiscal stability. New Hampshire is one of the least religious states and known for its libertarian-leaning political culture; it was until recently a swing state in presidential elections.

With its mountainous and heavily forested terrain, New Hampshire has a growing tourism sector centered on outdoor recreation. It has some of the highest ski mountains on the East Coast and is a major destination for winter sports; Mount Monadnock is among the most climbed mountains in the United States. Other activities include observing the fall foliage, summer cottages along many lakes and the seacoast, motorsports at the New Hampshire Motor Speedway in Loudon, and Motorcycle Week, a popular motorcycle rally held in Weirs Beach in Laconia. The White Mountain National Forest includes most of the Appalachian Trail between Vermont and Maine, and has the Mount Washington Auto Road, where visitors may drive to the top of 6,288-foot (1,917 m) Mount Washington.